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Move /home Folder | codeskraps
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    <h1>Move /home Folder</h1>
    
    
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<dt>tags</dt>
<dd><span></span>
    <a href="/tags/linux/">#Linux</a></dd>
            
            
                <dt>published</dt>
                
                <dd><time datetime="2025-01-29">January 29, 2025</time></dd>
            
            
                <dt>reading time</dt>
                <dd>2 minutes</dd>
            
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        <p>You can move the <code>/home</code> folder on Ubuntu, but you must do it carefully to avoid breaking your system. Below are the steps to safely move <code>/home</code> to a new location.</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="1-create-a-backup-recommended"><strong>1. Create a Backup (Recommended)</strong></h2>
<p>Before proceeding, create a backup of your home folder in case anything goes wrong.</p>

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        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo tar -czvf /home_backup.tar.gz /home</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<h2 id="2-create-a-new-partition-or-mount-point-if-needed"><strong>2. Create a New Partition or Mount Point (If Needed)</strong></h2>
<p>If you&rsquo;re moving /home to a different partition or disk, make sure it&rsquo;s properly formatted and mounted.</p>
<p>For example, if you want to use a new disk (e.g., <code>/dev/sdb1</code>):</p>

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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo mkdir /mnt/newhome
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/newhome</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<h2 id="3-copy-the-home-folder"><strong>3. Copy the Home Folder</strong></h2>
<p>Copy all user data to the new location while preserving permissions:</p>

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<hr>
<h2 id="4-update-fstab"><strong>4. Update fstab</strong></h2>
<p>Edit /etc/fstab to mount the new home directory at boot.</p>

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<div class="code-block-container" data-lang="bash">
    <div class="code-header">
        <button class="copy-button" onclick="copyCodeBlock(this)" aria-label="Copy code">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                <path d="M8 4v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.242a2 2 0 0 0-.602-1.43L16.083 2.57A2 2 0 0 0 14.685 2H10a2 2 0 0 0-2 2z"/>
                <path d="M16 18v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V9a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"/>
            </svg>
            <span>Copy</span>
            <div class="tooltip">Copied!</div>
        </button>
    </div>
    <div class="code-content">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo nano /etc/fstab</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
function copyCodeBlock(button) {
    const container = button.closest('.code-block-container');
    const codeContent = container.querySelector('.code-content pre');
    const code = codeContent.textContent;
    
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code.trim()).then(() => {
        button.classList.add('copied');
        setTimeout(() => {
            button.classList.remove('copied');
        }, 2000);
    }).catch(err => {
        console.error('Failed to copy:', err);
        
        const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
        textarea.value = code.trim();
        document.body.appendChild(textarea);
        textarea.select();
        try {
            document.execCommand('copy');
            button.classList.add('copied');
            setTimeout(() => {
                button.classList.remove('copied');
            }, 2000);
        } catch (e) {
            console.error('Fallback failed:', e);
        }
        document.body.removeChild(textarea);
    });
}
</script> 
<p>Add this line at the end (adjust the path accordingly):</p>

<style>
.code-block-container {
    position: relative;
    margin: 1em 0;
    border: 1px solid #5E5E5E;
    border-radius: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.code-header {
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    right: 8px;
    z-index: 999;
}

.copy-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: #2d2d2d;
    color: white;
    border: 1px solid #404040;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.copy-button:hover {
    background: #404040;
}

.copy-button svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: -30px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 12px;
    display: none;
}

.tooltip::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border: 5px solid transparent;
    border-top-color: black;
}

.copy-button.copied .tooltip {
    display: block;
}

.code-content {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.code-content pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 10px;
}
</style>

<div class="code-block-container" data-lang="bash">
    <div class="code-header">
        <button class="copy-button" onclick="copyCodeBlock(this)" aria-label="Copy code">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                <path d="M8 4v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.242a2 2 0 0 0-.602-1.43L16.083 2.57A2 2 0 0 0 14.685 2H10a2 2 0 0 0-2 2z"/>
                <path d="M16 18v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V9a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"/>
            </svg>
            <span>Copy</span>
            <div class="tooltip">Copied!</div>
        </button>
    </div>
    <div class="code-content">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>/dev/sdb1  /home  ext4  defaults  <span style="color:#bd93f9">0</span>  <span style="color:#bd93f9">2</span></span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
function copyCodeBlock(button) {
    const container = button.closest('.code-block-container');
    const codeContent = container.querySelector('.code-content pre');
    const code = codeContent.textContent;
    
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code.trim()).then(() => {
        button.classList.add('copied');
        setTimeout(() => {
            button.classList.remove('copied');
        }, 2000);
    }).catch(err => {
        console.error('Failed to copy:', err);
        
        const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
        textarea.value = code.trim();
        document.body.appendChild(textarea);
        textarea.select();
        try {
            document.execCommand('copy');
            button.classList.add('copied');
            setTimeout(() => {
                button.classList.remove('copied');
            }, 2000);
        } catch (e) {
            console.error('Fallback failed:', e);
        }
        document.body.removeChild(textarea);
    });
}
</script> 
<p>If you prefer using the UUID, first find it:</p>

<style>
.code-block-container {
    position: relative;
    margin: 1em 0;
    border: 1px solid #5E5E5E;
    border-radius: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.code-header {
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    right: 8px;
    z-index: 999;
}

.copy-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: #2d2d2d;
    color: white;
    border: 1px solid #404040;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.copy-button:hover {
    background: #404040;
}

.copy-button svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: -30px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 12px;
    display: none;
}

.tooltip::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border: 5px solid transparent;
    border-top-color: black;
}

.copy-button.copied .tooltip {
    display: block;
}

.code-content {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.code-content pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 10px;
}
</style>

<div class="code-block-container" data-lang="bash">
    <div class="code-header">
        <button class="copy-button" onclick="copyCodeBlock(this)" aria-label="Copy code">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                <path d="M8 4v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.242a2 2 0 0 0-.602-1.43L16.083 2.57A2 2 0 0 0 14.685 2H10a2 2 0 0 0-2 2z"/>
                <path d="M16 18v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V9a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"/>
            </svg>
            <span>Copy</span>
            <div class="tooltip">Copied!</div>
        </button>
    </div>
    <div class="code-content">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo blkid</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
function copyCodeBlock(button) {
    const container = button.closest('.code-block-container');
    const codeContent = container.querySelector('.code-content pre');
    const code = codeContent.textContent;
    
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code.trim()).then(() => {
        button.classList.add('copied');
        setTimeout(() => {
            button.classList.remove('copied');
        }, 2000);
    }).catch(err => {
        console.error('Failed to copy:', err);
        
        const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
        textarea.value = code.trim();
        document.body.appendChild(textarea);
        textarea.select();
        try {
            document.execCommand('copy');
            button.classList.add('copied');
            setTimeout(() => {
                button.classList.remove('copied');
            }, 2000);
        } catch (e) {
            console.error('Fallback failed:', e);
        }
        document.body.removeChild(textarea);
    });
}
</script> 
<p>Then, add this line instead:</p>

<style>
.code-block-container {
    position: relative;
    margin: 1em 0;
    border: 1px solid #5E5E5E;
    border-radius: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.code-header {
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    right: 8px;
    z-index: 999;
}

.copy-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: #2d2d2d;
    color: white;
    border: 1px solid #404040;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.copy-button:hover {
    background: #404040;
}

.copy-button svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: -30px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 12px;
    display: none;
}

.tooltip::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border: 5px solid transparent;
    border-top-color: black;
}

.copy-button.copied .tooltip {
    display: block;
}

.code-content {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.code-content pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 10px;
}
</style>

<div class="code-block-container" data-lang="arduino">
    <div class="code-header">
        <button class="copy-button" onclick="copyCodeBlock(this)" aria-label="Copy code">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                <path d="M8 4v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.242a2 2 0 0 0-.602-1.43L16.083 2.57A2 2 0 0 0 14.685 2H10a2 2 0 0 0-2 2z"/>
                <path d="M16 18v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V9a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"/>
            </svg>
            <span>Copy</span>
            <div class="tooltip">Copied!</div>
        </button>
    </div>
    <div class="code-content">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-arduino" data-lang="arduino"><span style="display:flex;"><span>UUID<span style="color:#ff79c6">=</span>your<span style="color:#ff79c6">-</span>uuid <span style="color:#ff79c6">/</span><span style="color:#50fa7b">home</span> ext4 defaults <span style="color:#bd93f9">0</span> <span style="color:#bd93f9">2</span></span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
function copyCodeBlock(button) {
    const container = button.closest('.code-block-container');
    const codeContent = container.querySelector('.code-content pre');
    const code = codeContent.textContent;
    
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code.trim()).then(() => {
        button.classList.add('copied');
        setTimeout(() => {
            button.classList.remove('copied');
        }, 2000);
    }).catch(err => {
        console.error('Failed to copy:', err);
        
        const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
        textarea.value = code.trim();
        document.body.appendChild(textarea);
        textarea.select();
        try {
            document.execCommand('copy');
            button.classList.add('copied');
            setTimeout(() => {
                button.classList.remove('copied');
            }, 2000);
        } catch (e) {
            console.error('Fallback failed:', e);
        }
        document.body.removeChild(textarea);
    });
}
</script> 
<hr>
<h2 id="5-unmount-old-home-and-mount-new-one"><strong>5. Unmount Old Home and Mount New One</strong></h2>
<p>Switch to a different session (e.g., TTY):</p>

<style>
.code-block-container {
    position: relative;
    margin: 1em 0;
    border: 1px solid #5E5E5E;
    border-radius: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.code-header {
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    right: 8px;
    z-index: 999;
}

.copy-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: #2d2d2d;
    color: white;
    border: 1px solid #404040;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.copy-button:hover {
    background: #404040;
}

.copy-button svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: -30px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 12px;
    display: none;
}

.tooltip::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border: 5px solid transparent;
    border-top-color: black;
}

.copy-button.copied .tooltip {
    display: block;
}

.code-content {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.code-content pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 10px;
}
</style>

<div class="code-block-container" data-lang="bash">
    <div class="code-header">
        <button class="copy-button" onclick="copyCodeBlock(this)" aria-label="Copy code">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                <path d="M8 4v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.242a2 2 0 0 0-.602-1.43L16.083 2.57A2 2 0 0 0 14.685 2H10a2 2 0 0 0-2 2z"/>
                <path d="M16 18v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V9a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"/>
            </svg>
            <span>Copy</span>
            <div class="tooltip">Copied!</div>
        </button>
    </div>
    <div class="code-content">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>Ctrl + Alt + F3</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
function copyCodeBlock(button) {
    const container = button.closest('.code-block-container');
    const codeContent = container.querySelector('.code-content pre');
    const code = codeContent.textContent;
    
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code.trim()).then(() => {
        button.classList.add('copied');
        setTimeout(() => {
            button.classList.remove('copied');
        }, 2000);
    }).catch(err => {
        console.error('Failed to copy:', err);
        
        const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
        textarea.value = code.trim();
        document.body.appendChild(textarea);
        textarea.select();
        try {
            document.execCommand('copy');
            button.classList.add('copied');
            setTimeout(() => {
                button.classList.remove('copied');
            }, 2000);
        } catch (e) {
            console.error('Fallback failed:', e);
        }
        document.body.removeChild(textarea);
    });
}
</script> 
<p>Log in and stop processes using <code>/home</code>:</p>

<style>
.code-block-container {
    position: relative;
    margin: 1em 0;
    border: 1px solid #5E5E5E;
    border-radius: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.code-header {
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    right: 8px;
    z-index: 999;
}

.copy-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: #2d2d2d;
    color: white;
    border: 1px solid #404040;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.copy-button:hover {
    background: #404040;
}

.copy-button svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: -30px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 12px;
    display: none;
}

.tooltip::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border: 5px solid transparent;
    border-top-color: black;
}

.copy-button.copied .tooltip {
    display: block;
}

.code-content {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.code-content pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 10px;
}
</style>

<div class="code-block-container" data-lang="bash">
    <div class="code-header">
        <button class="copy-button" onclick="copyCodeBlock(this)" aria-label="Copy code">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                <path d="M8 4v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.242a2 2 0 0 0-.602-1.43L16.083 2.57A2 2 0 0 0 14.685 2H10a2 2 0 0 0-2 2z"/>
                <path d="M16 18v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V9a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"/>
            </svg>
            <span>Copy</span>
            <div class="tooltip">Copied!</div>
        </button>
    </div>
    <div class="code-content">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo systemctl stop gdm  <span style="color:#6272a4"># For GNOME (or use sddm/lightdm if applicable)</span></span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
function copyCodeBlock(button) {
    const container = button.closest('.code-block-container');
    const codeContent = container.querySelector('.code-content pre');
    const code = codeContent.textContent;
    
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code.trim()).then(() => {
        button.classList.add('copied');
        setTimeout(() => {
            button.classList.remove('copied');
        }, 2000);
    }).catch(err => {
        console.error('Failed to copy:', err);
        
        const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
        textarea.value = code.trim();
        document.body.appendChild(textarea);
        textarea.select();
        try {
            document.execCommand('copy');
            button.classList.add('copied');
            setTimeout(() => {
                button.classList.remove('copied');
            }, 2000);
        } catch (e) {
            console.error('Fallback failed:', e);
        }
        document.body.removeChild(textarea);
    });
}
</script> 
<p>Unmount and remount:</p>

<style>
.code-block-container {
    position: relative;
    margin: 1em 0;
    border: 1px solid #5E5E5E;
    border-radius: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.code-header {
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    right: 8px;
    z-index: 999;
}

.copy-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: #2d2d2d;
    color: white;
    border: 1px solid #404040;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.copy-button:hover {
    background: #404040;
}

.copy-button svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: -30px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 12px;
    display: none;
}

.tooltip::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border: 5px solid transparent;
    border-top-color: black;
}

.copy-button.copied .tooltip {
    display: block;
}

.code-content {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.code-content pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 10px;
}
</style>

<div class="code-block-container" data-lang="bash">
    <div class="code-header">
        <button class="copy-button" onclick="copyCodeBlock(this)" aria-label="Copy code">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                <path d="M8 4v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.242a2 2 0 0 0-.602-1.43L16.083 2.57A2 2 0 0 0 14.685 2H10a2 2 0 0 0-2 2z"/>
                <path d="M16 18v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V9a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"/>
            </svg>
            <span>Copy</span>
            <div class="tooltip">Copied!</div>
        </button>
    </div>
    <div class="code-content">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo umount /home
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo mount /home</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
function copyCodeBlock(button) {
    const container = button.closest('.code-block-container');
    const codeContent = container.querySelector('.code-content pre');
    const code = codeContent.textContent;
    
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code.trim()).then(() => {
        button.classList.add('copied');
        setTimeout(() => {
            button.classList.remove('copied');
        }, 2000);
    }).catch(err => {
        console.error('Failed to copy:', err);
        
        const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
        textarea.value = code.trim();
        document.body.appendChild(textarea);
        textarea.select();
        try {
            document.execCommand('copy');
            button.classList.add('copied');
            setTimeout(() => {
                button.classList.remove('copied');
            }, 2000);
        } catch (e) {
            console.error('Fallback failed:', e);
        }
        document.body.removeChild(textarea);
    });
}
</script> 
<hr>
<h2 id="6-verify-and-reboot"><strong>6. Verify and Reboot</strong></h2>
<p>Check that everything is in place:</p>

<style>
.code-block-container {
    position: relative;
    margin: 1em 0;
    border: 1px solid #5E5E5E;
    border-radius: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.code-header {
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    right: 8px;
    z-index: 999;
}

.copy-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: #2d2d2d;
    color: white;
    border: 1px solid #404040;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.copy-button:hover {
    background: #404040;
}

.copy-button svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: -30px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 12px;
    display: none;
}

.tooltip::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border: 5px solid transparent;
    border-top-color: black;
}

.copy-button.copied .tooltip {
    display: block;
}

.code-content {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.code-content pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 10px;
}
</style>

<div class="code-block-container" data-lang="bash">
    <div class="code-header">
        <button class="copy-button" onclick="copyCodeBlock(this)" aria-label="Copy code">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                <path d="M8 4v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.242a2 2 0 0 0-.602-1.43L16.083 2.57A2 2 0 0 0 14.685 2H10a2 2 0 0 0-2 2z"/>
                <path d="M16 18v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V9a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"/>
            </svg>
            <span>Copy</span>
            <div class="tooltip">Copied!</div>
        </button>
    </div>
    <div class="code-content">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ls /home</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
function copyCodeBlock(button) {
    const container = button.closest('.code-block-container');
    const codeContent = container.querySelector('.code-content pre');
    const code = codeContent.textContent;
    
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code.trim()).then(() => {
        button.classList.add('copied');
        setTimeout(() => {
            button.classList.remove('copied');
        }, 2000);
    }).catch(err => {
        console.error('Failed to copy:', err);
        
        const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
        textarea.value = code.trim();
        document.body.appendChild(textarea);
        textarea.select();
        try {
            document.execCommand('copy');
            button.classList.add('copied');
            setTimeout(() => {
                button.classList.remove('copied');
            }, 2000);
        } catch (e) {
            console.error('Fallback failed:', e);
        }
        document.body.removeChild(textarea);
    });
}
</script> 
<p>If everything looks good, reboot:</p>

<style>
.code-block-container {
    position: relative;
    margin: 1em 0;
    border: 1px solid #5E5E5E;
    border-radius: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.code-header {
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    right: 8px;
    z-index: 999;
}

.copy-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: #2d2d2d;
    color: white;
    border: 1px solid #404040;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.copy-button:hover {
    background: #404040;
}

.copy-button svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: -30px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 12px;
    display: none;
}

.tooltip::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border: 5px solid transparent;
    border-top-color: black;
}

.copy-button.copied .tooltip {
    display: block;
}

.code-content {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.code-content pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 10px;
}
</style>

<div class="code-block-container" data-lang="bash">
    <div class="code-header">
        <button class="copy-button" onclick="copyCodeBlock(this)" aria-label="Copy code">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                <path d="M8 4v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.242a2 2 0 0 0-.602-1.43L16.083 2.57A2 2 0 0 0 14.685 2H10a2 2 0 0 0-2 2z"/>
                <path d="M16 18v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V9a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"/>
            </svg>
            <span>Copy</span>
            <div class="tooltip">Copied!</div>
        </button>
    </div>
    <div class="code-content">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo reboot</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
function copyCodeBlock(button) {
    const container = button.closest('.code-block-container');
    const codeContent = container.querySelector('.code-content pre');
    const code = codeContent.textContent;
    
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code.trim()).then(() => {
        button.classList.add('copied');
        setTimeout(() => {
            button.classList.remove('copied');
        }, 2000);
    }).catch(err => {
        console.error('Failed to copy:', err);
        
        const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
        textarea.value = code.trim();
        document.body.appendChild(textarea);
        textarea.select();
        try {
            document.execCommand('copy');
            button.classList.add('copied');
            setTimeout(() => {
                button.classList.remove('copied');
            }, 2000);
        } catch (e) {
            console.error('Fallback failed:', e);
        }
        document.body.removeChild(textarea);
    });
}
</script> 
<hr>
<h1 id="things-to-keep-in-mind">Things to Keep in Mind</h1>
<ul>
<li>
<p>If you&rsquo;re logged in as a regular user, switch to a root shell (sudo -i) or use a temporary user with administrative privileges.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If you face permission issues, you might need to reapply ownership:</p>
</li>
</ul>

<style>
.code-block-container {
    position: relative;
    margin: 1em 0;
    border: 1px solid #5E5E5E;
    border-radius: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.code-header {
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    right: 8px;
    z-index: 999;
}

.copy-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: #2d2d2d;
    color: white;
    border: 1px solid #404040;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.copy-button:hover {
    background: #404040;
}

.copy-button svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: -30px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 12px;
    display: none;
}

.tooltip::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border: 5px solid transparent;
    border-top-color: black;
}

.copy-button.copied .tooltip {
    display: block;
}

.code-content {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.code-content pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 10px;
}
</style>

<div class="code-block-container" data-lang="bash">
    <div class="code-header">
        <button class="copy-button" onclick="copyCodeBlock(this)" aria-label="Copy code">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                <path d="M8 4v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.242a2 2 0 0 0-.602-1.43L16.083 2.57A2 2 0 0 0 14.685 2H10a2 2 0 0 0-2 2z"/>
                <path d="M16 18v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V9a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"/>
            </svg>
            <span>Copy</span>
            <div class="tooltip">Copied!</div>
        </button>
    </div>
    <div class="code-content">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo chown -R username:username /home/username</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
function copyCodeBlock(button) {
    const container = button.closest('.code-block-container');
    const codeContent = container.querySelector('.code-content pre');
    const code = codeContent.textContent;
    
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code.trim()).then(() => {
        button.classList.add('copied');
        setTimeout(() => {
            button.classList.remove('copied');
        }, 2000);
    }).catch(err => {
        console.error('Failed to copy:', err);
        
        const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
        textarea.value = code.trim();
        document.body.appendChild(textarea);
        textarea.select();
        try {
            document.execCommand('copy');
            button.classList.add('copied');
            setTimeout(() => {
                button.classList.remove('copied');
            }, 2000);
        } catch (e) {
            console.error('Fallback failed:', e);
        }
        document.body.removeChild(textarea);
    });
}
</script>
    </div>
</div>

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